Chii chinokonzera kusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze? ( What causes climate change?)

Greenhouse imba yakavakwa nemagirazi inoita kuti chiedza nekudziya kwekunze kupinde mukati mayo asi isingazobudise kudziya uku kunze kwayo. Basa rayo nderekuti zvive nyore kurima zvirimwa kunyika dzinotonhora kana dzava munguva yechando.

Muenzaniso weGreenHouse ( mufananidzo kubva kuGreenhousess Zimbabwe)

Mweya irimuchadenga (atmosphere) inoshanda seGreenhouse, inoita kunge gumbeze rinoita kuti pasi rino ringe richidziya. Pasina hugreenhouse uhwu pasi rino ringadai richitonhora zvekuti hapana chaikwanisa kurarama. zvisinei, zviito nezviitiko zvinokonzerwa nevanhu zvakonzera kuti mweya yakawandisa yegreenhouse iungane muchadenga, zvakonzera kuti pasi rino rinyanyise kudziya,chinova chiitiko chinozivikanwa nekuti global warming. Mweya inoita kuti kudziya kwekunze kusabude inozivikanwa nekunzi greenhouse gases.
Mufananidzo uripazasi unoratidza mabatirwo anoitwa magreenhouse gases muchadenga zvobva zvakonzera kudziya kwenyika (global warming).

mufananidzo kubva mubhuku “Climate change in Zimbabwe” rakaburitswa neveResearch and Advocacy Unit 

 

Kudziya kwekunze kwemuchadenga (atmosphere) kunokonzera shanduko zhinji, kusanganisira kunyungudika kwemagodo echando (ice) nemazaya echando (snow) arimumakomo neari kuNorth neSouth pole.
Kuwedzera kweuwandu hwemvura irimumakungwa kunoenderana nekunyunguduka kunenge kuchiita magodo echando. Global warming inokanganisawo mafambiro anoita mhepo inobva mugungwa zvinobva zvakonzera kushanduka kwemanairo anoita mvura uye zvoita kuti tive nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akaita sekunaya kwemvura inemhirizhonga, mafashamu, moto nekusanaya kwemvura.

 
Magreenhouse gases

Zviito zvevanhu, sekupisa marasha (coal) kana oiri (zvinozivikanwa semafossil fuels) mumaindustry, munezvekufambisa uye mukugadzira magetsi, zvinobuditsa magreenhouse gases achienda muchadenga. Kurima pachikero chakakura (large scale commercial farming) nekutema miti yemasango zvinokonzerawo mukuwedzerwa kwemagreenhouse gas.
Mweya weCarbon Dioxide CO2 unonyanyobva mukupiswa kwema fossil fuel uyewo mukutemwa kwemasango nemamwewo mashandisirwo evhu.

Methane (CH4) inonyanyobva mukupfuiwa kwezvipfuyo nemutsvina yakasiyana-siyana. Nitrous oxide inonyanyobva munezvekurima zvinosanganisa kushandiswa kwefetereza. fluorinated gases dzinobva muzvinoitwa mumaindustry, zvemafiriji nezvimwe zvinoitwa nevanhu.

(translated from Climate Change in Zimbabwe by the Research and Advocacy Unit)

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An Unbroken Lineage. the Sentinelese Bloodline is 60,000 Years Long

An Unbroken Lineage. the Sentinelese Bloodline is 60,000 Years Long.

Tsuro naGudo Part 1

Kare kare zvako, panguva iyo madhongi akanga achine nyanga dzinenge dzenhoro, mbira dzichine miswe inenge yemakwizo uye nzizi dzichaerera dzichikwira mumakomo….pasichigare, kwaiva nevakomana vaviri vainzi Tsuro naGudo. Tsuro aiti sekuru kunaGudo nekuti aiva mwana wehanzvadzi yaGudo. Nemhaka yokuti vakomana ava vaive vakaenzana pazera vaive nehushamwari hwakasimba, hwebhande nebhurugwa  chaiwo. Mushure mekunge vatiza nzara yechigochamazizi kwavaigara, Tsuro naGudo vakavaka dumba ravo nechemusango ndokugara zvavo.
Mazuva okutanga vakomana ava vaipona nezvaibiwa naGudo muminda yavanhu uyu Tsuro basa rake riri rapamoto.

Sekuru Gudo, hanzvadzi yavo ndiyo yakabereka Tsuro

Asi somunhu aiva nechipo chekushandisa njere  Tsuro akazofunga  zano rokuti vawane twunonaka twakaita senyama nemukaka. Mumwe musi akangofumoti kunaGudo, “vasekuru, nhomba yenyamaini zvino yazondigwangurisa. Zvino ndanga ndafunga kuti ndimbonotorera vanhu vari seri kwegomo iro kumambure nyama yavo. Pedzezvo ndinozoda kunokama mombe dzepamusha watakaona nezuro uya nokuti mukaka ndave kuushuva.”
“Wave kupenga here muzukuru kuzotaura uchidaro?” Gudo akadaro ave kunzwira Tsuro tsitsi. “zvauri kutaura izvozvo unozviita maitiroi napamusaka pembwa?”
Tsuro akangoti chete, “ Izvo siyirai kwandiri.” Ndiye kwaku, simu shapu achisiya Gudo akangoti kanhama.

Tsuro wacho: mwana wehanzvadzi yaGudo

Tsuro akabva padumba ravo nenguva dzemadeukazuva dzaaiziva kuti vanhu vomumabure vanenge vodzokera kumusha. Kuzoti ava kuona kuti vanhu vacho avo, Tsuro akafanorara munzira yavo achinyebera kufa. Gare gare akanzwa mombe, dzaiweva sandanga rizere mavhurusaka emidzonga yechimukuyu, dzichiuya. Akangoti nechemumwoyo, “ vadzimu vokwaMagen’a nhasi ndioneiwo.”

Vakomana vaye vachibva kumambure

Sandanga ndiye riye vhu, mombe dzakatungamirirwa nekakomana kane makore gum

i nematatu. Kakomana kaya pakakaona Tsuro kakabva kamisa mombe ndokuti kune wakaive nako, “Mukoma, ndanhonga katsuro aka. Muviri wako uchiri kupisa. Ndinofunga kuti pane akarova netsvimbo ndokubva kazofira pano apa.”
Mukoma wacho akanhonga Tsuro ndokumukanda musandanga. Izvi ndizvo zvakanga zviri kungokwenyerwa mhuno nekasiyanwa naTsuro. Sezvo kwakange kwave nedehwekukwindingwi, Tsuro akakwanisa kudonhedza mavhurusaka enyama mashanu iye ndokuzosvetukirawo pasi pasina ambozviona. Akabva arova bara kunodaidza Gudo kuti amubatsire kutakura mavhurusaka aya.
Gudo akasvikooma mate mukanwa nezvaakaona. “ ko waiwana Seiko nyama yese iyi, nhai muzukuru?” akabvunza atova mubishi rokukakabvurana nomudzonga wengwarati.
“ Zvibhakera  vasekuru. Marovero andaita vanhu nhasi akashata. Izvozvi maoko angu arikurwadza nekurova. Ndangomisa mombe ndokutanga kuwatsa kamukokeri kacho zimbama rine maungira. Mwana atadza nekuchema kwese, vasekuru. Kambwa kavanga vainako ndiko kanga koda kuita manyawi ndokubva ndakapa bhutsu imwe chete kakabva kanzwa parere mwoyo.” Ndipo pandati kumukoma wekakomana ikako, “iwe, komhani burutsa mavhurusaka matatu ndiende nawo.” Paada kumboita zvake utsimbwarimbwa ndipo pandamunhamukira ndokumuita zvinorova. Pane kuti aburutse mavhurusaka matatu ndazongoona oburutsa mashanu.”
Gudo akatemdera zvaanga audzwa nomuzukuru wake. Akabva atsidza mumwoyo make achiti, “ ini somunhu mukuru ndinototi ndipfuure paitwa nakazukuru kangu aka.” ……. Ichaenderera mberi(kubva munaRurimi Rwaamai)

Plight of the girl child

A CURSORY VIEW INTO THE PLIGHT OF THE ZIMBABWEAN GIRL.
I
t is said that educate a girl and you have educated a nation. This is quite noble indeed, and in Zimbabwe, this has become a slogan for many stakeholders in education and a mantra for those propagating the mainstreaming of gender. Unfortunately, in Zimbabwe, this has been reduced to a mere rhetoric. While appreciating the virtues of educating girl children, it has been difficult to practically deal with issues negatively impacting the empowerment of a girl child.
Zimbabwe has an enviable rate of literacy in Africa, if not the world at large, however, a glance at this fact may deceive one into believing that all is perfect in the nation’s education sector. Millennium development goals no. 2 and 3 make direct reference to the need to achieve universal education and more specifically to promote gender equality and empowerment of women. An achievement of these would see a significant change from the current status quo of girls in Zimbabwe.
It is unfortunate that today, in the 21st century, many girls in Zimbabwe are still being afflicted by some negative issues which have been in existence since time immemorial. Challenges emanating from the social, economic and political spheres continue to hamper the emancipation and empowerment of girls especially in education.
Generally women have always been economically and socially marginalised in Zimbabwean society. Girls have played a subservient role when it comes to education in a society where some still believe that educating a girl child is a waste of resources as they are ‘destined’ to marry off into another family. Such myopic views have witnessed quite a significant number of girls being withdrawn from school at the slightest hint of economic hardship in some families.
The HIV scourge has also added to the plight of girls in Zimbabwe as many girls are at a higher risk of being infected by the virus, their economic vulnerability can expose them to sexual exploitation by older males. In this light, many girls have been involved in prostitution. Furthermore, the high prevalence rate of HIV has seen many girls taking up the roles of caregivers to their ill parents. In this
respect, a girl’s education will inadvertently suffer as she will be affected by absenteeism and in worst cases, total withdrawal from school.
Certain cultural and religious practices in Zimbabwe have also affected a significant number of girls in Zimbabwean society. There are certain religious sects such as the Apostolic sects infamous for their promotion of early marriages. These see a girl being unwittingly married to an older man at the instigation of the ‘prophet’ and usually with the blessings of the parents. Many a girl has been married at a tender age in this way.  In addition to this, certain cultural practices such as ‘chimutsamapfihwa’ (where a young girl is married off to her dead sister’s husband as a replacement wife) and ‘kuripa ngozi’ (appeasing the avenging spirit of a dead person by giving off a girl to the deceased person’s family), although seemingly out of the spotlight, have been practised secretly and have seen many girls being sacrificed. Apart from being a direct affront to children’s rights. These negative practices have also mangled the future of the girls involved as it is almost certain that a married girl will drop out of school.
The aforementioned are just a cursory view of some of the challenges bedevilling girls in their quest for total empowerment. However, as it is said. Knowing a problem and acknowledging it is part of solving it, the rest remains for action to be taken. For any rational person, the challenges mentioned need not be sobering only but also help to galvanize him/her to take necessary steps to ameliorating the situation.
It is no longer a secret that empowering women is key to the development of any society and the world at large. Gender related myths need to be debunked and current efforts to mainstream gender in every aspect of life need to be given total support by policy makers, private and public institutions as well as by individuals. Measures to ensure girls get the basic necessities in life, from basic sanitation to education, should be fully and effectively implemented. A shift from mere rhetoric to action needs to be seen if a better tomorrow is to be realised by mankind.

get encouraged

never look down on the little efforts you are making, remember little strokes fell great oaks